The Multiparty System: Resources

The Avalon Project: Documents in Law, History, and Diplomacy. New Haven, CT: Yale Law School, 2008 (a general resource).

Blondel, Jean. "Types of Party Systems," in The West European Party System, edited by Peter Mair. Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1990).

Bouie, Jamelle
“The Constitution Was Made For Us, Not the Other Way Around,” The New York Times, October 29, 2021

Brennan Center for Justice (home page)
“Voting Laws Round-up: October 2022,” (link).

"Political Parties," in Principles of Democracy. Bureau of International Information Programs. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of State, 2005.

Farrell, David M. Comparing Electoral Systems (Macmillan: London, 1998).

Freedom House
Survey of Freedom in the World

International Party Organizations

• Centrist Democrat International (link)
• International Democrat Union (link)
• Liberal International (link)
• Socialist International (link)
• Transnational Radical Party (link).
• (See also “Political Resources on Net” for links to political parties, et al.).

Levitsky, Steven and Daniel Ziblatt
How Democracies Die (Penguin Books/Crown: New York, 2019).

Madison, James

• Federalist Papers, No. 10 (“The Union as a Safeguard Against Faction”), 1788.
• “Letter to Unknown Re Majority Governments,” December 1834.

US Congress
January 6 Select Committee Report (December 19 and 21, 2022)

Economist magazine: Topics Index: Israel.

The New York Times: World Topics: Israel. See, e.g.:

• “Israeli Law Declares the Country the ‘Nation-State of the Jewish People,’”, July 19, 2018.
• “A Win for Israel’s Protesters,” March 28, 2023.
• “Israel’s Unfinished Exodus Story,”  Opinion, by Bret Stephens, May 26, 2023.

Basic Law: Israel-the Nation State of the Jewish People, 2018

Declaration of Independence, 1948

Freedom House. 2023 Survey of Freedom Israel Report.

Human Rights Watch: 2023 World Report: Israel and Palestine

Other Resources

B’Tselem: Israel Information Center for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories (link).

Dissent Magazine
Can Israel Be a Democracy for All?, by Dov Waxman, March 28, 2023

Foreign Affairs
“Can the Two-State Solution Be Saved,” May 31, 2023.

Hand-in-Hand, “Twenty-Five Years of Shared Jewish-Arab Education.”

Israel Democracy Institute (Home Page).
Appointment of Judges to High Courts in Democratic Countries, 2023.

Israeli Law Professors’ Forum for Democracy
“Israel’s ‘Unreasonableness Amendment’ and Its Implications,” July 28, 2023.

Jewish Virtual Library: (Home Page). See also section "The Arab Boycott."

U.S. Department of State Human Rights Country Reports (go to current year report, section for Near East, Middle East and North Africa to choose Israel).

Economist magazine: Topics Index: Malaysia.

Foreign Policy
    “Ethnic Tensions Simmer Under Malaysia’s Elections,” August 14, 2023.

The New York Times: World Topics: Malaysia. See, e.g.:

• “Malaysia’s Ibrahim Attacks System That Jailed Him,” March 15, 2018.
• “Malaysia’s Former Prime Minister Found Guilty in Trial,” July 28, 2020.
• “Opposition Leader Is Now Malaysia’s Prime Minister,” Nov. 24, 2022.

Freedom House 2023 Survey of Freedom: Malaysia.

Human Rights Watch 2023 World Report: Malaysia.

Other Resources

Anwar, Ibrahim, "Universal Values and Muslim Democracy." Journal of Democracy 17, no. 3 (July 2006).

BERSIH (Joint Action Committee for Electoral Reform): home page.

US Dept. of State Human Rights Country Reports (go to current year Country Report and scroll to Asia for drop down menu for Malaysia).

Economist magazine: Topics Index: Syria. See, e.g.:
     “The Country Formerly Known as Syria,” February 13, 2013.

The New York Times: World Topics: Syria and Crisis in Syria. See, e.g.:

• “As Assad’s Isolation Lifts, Syrian Refugees Fear Pressure to Return,” June 5, 2023.
• “A Landmark Conviction on State Violence in Syria,” January 13, 2022.

Freedom House: 2023 Survey of Freedom: Syria.

Human Rights Watch: 2023 World Report: Syria

Other Resources

Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (Home Page).

United Nations

• UN Human Rights Council’s Commission of Inquiry on Syria (Home Page).   2023 Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry
• Report of UN Mission on the Use of Chemical Weapons:  Sept. 16, 2013.

U.S. Department of State Human Rights Country Reports (see current year Country Report and go to regional drop-down menu for Near East).